Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwa polyamide, na nylon 12 igaragara kubikorwa byayo byiza kandi bigari bya porogaramu.

Polyamide (PA), izwi kandi nka nylon, ni polymer irimo amide amatsinda mugusubiramo ibice kumugongo wa molekile.Nylon irashobora gukorwa muri plastiki zitandukanye, igashushanya muri fibre, kandi irashobora no gukorwa muma firime, ibifuniko hamwe nibifatika.Kuberako nylon ifite imbaraga zo guhangana nubukanishi, kurwanya ubushyuhe, kwihanganira kwambara nibindi bintu, ibicuruzwa birashobora gukoreshwa cyane mumyenda, imyenda yinganda, imodoka, imashini, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki n’amashanyarazi, ubwikorezi, inganda zipakira hamwe nizindi nzego nyinshi.
Porogaramu ya Nylon iri hasi cyane

Inkomoko: urubuga rwemewe rwa Lianchuang, Ikigo cyubushakashatsi bwimpapuro za Changjiang

Umuryango wa nylon ukomeje kwiyongera, kandi imikorere ya nylon idasanzwe ni nziza
Nylon afite amateka maremare n'umuryango ukura.Mu 1935, PA66 yashizwemo bwa mbere muri laboratoire, maze mu 1938, DuPont itangaza ku mugaragaro ivuka rya fibre ya mbere y’ubukorikori ku isi maze ayita nylon.Mu myaka icumi yakurikiyeho, umuryango wa nylon wateye imbere buhoro buhoro, kandi ubwoko bushya nka PA6, PA610, na PA11 bwakomeje kugaragara.PA6 na PA66.Hamwe nibikorwa bikuze bikuze hamwe nuburyo butandukanye bwo gusaba, PA6 na PA66 biracyari ubwoko bubiri busabwa cyane mubicuruzwa bya nylon.

Amateka yiterambere ryibicuruzwa bya nylon

Inkomoko: Ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi mu nganda z’Ubushinwa, Ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi ku mpapuro za Changjiang

Nylon irashobora kugabanywamo alifatique, igice cya aromatique, impumuro nziza, nibindi ukurikije imiterere yimiti yumunyururu.Aliphatic polyamide ni umurongo wa polymer wibikoresho, bihora bisimburana hamwe nuduce twa methyl hamwe nu matsinda ya amide, kandi bifite ubukana bwiza.Kwinjiza impeta zimpumuro nziza mumugongo birashobora kugabanya umuvuduko wurunigi rwa molekile no kongera ubushyuhe bwikirahure, bityo bikazamura ubushyuhe hamwe nubukanishi bwibicuruzwa bya nylon.Iyo kimwe mu bikoresho fatizo bya polyamide kirimo impeta ya benzene, polyamide ya aromatique irashobora gutegurwa, kandi mugihe ibikoresho byombi bibisi birimo impeta ya benzene, harashobora gutegurwa polyamide yuzuye.Semi-aromatic polyamide irwanya ubushyuhe, imiterere yubukanishi iratera imbere, kandi ifite ihame ryiza kandi irwanya imbaraga, polyamide yuzuye ya aromatic ifite imbaraga zidasanzwe, modulus nyinshi, irwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi, irwanya aside na alkali, irwanya imirasire nibindi bintu byiza, ariko kuberako imiterere yuruhererekane rwinshi rurimo impeta ya benzene yuzuye hamwe nitsinda ryamatsinda, bityo imikorere yo gutunganya iri hasi gato, biragoye kugera kubumba inshinge, igiciro cyayo kiri hejuru.
Imiterere ya molekulari yubwoko butandukanye bwa polyamide

Inkomoko: Ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi mu nganda z’Ubushinwa, “Imiterere y’imiterere n’ikoreshwa rya Semi-aromatic Nylon”, Ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi ku mpapuro za Changjiang
Ibyiciro nibiranga polyamide

Inkomoko: Ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi mu nganda z’Ubushinwa ,.Imiterere yimiterere nogukoresha igice cya aromatic nylon, Changjiang Securities Institute Institute
Ugereranije nubwoko busanzwe, nylon idasanzwe hamwe na monomer nshya ya synthique ifite imikorere myiza.Ndetse na nyuma yo guhinduka, nylon isanzwe (PA6, PA66, nibindi) iracyafite ibitagenda neza nka hydrophilique ikomeye, kurwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi, no gukorera mu mucyo muke, ibyo bikaba bigabanya urugero rwabyo.Kubwibyo, kugirango tunonosore ibitagenda neza bya nylon bisanzwe no kongeramo ibintu bishya, urukurikirane rwa nylon idasanzwe ifite imitungo itandukanye irashobora kuboneka mugutangiza monomeri nshya yubukorikori kugirango ihuze nibikoreshwa byinshi.Iyi nylon idasanzwe irimo nylon yubushyuhe bwo hejuru, nylon ndende ya karubone nylon, nylon ibonerana, nylon ishingiye kuri bio, na nylon elastomer.

Ubwoko nibiranga nylon idasanzwe

Inkomoko: Aibon Polymer, Ikigo cyubushakashatsi bwimpapuro za Changjiang

Ibyiza bya PA12 mumurongo muremure wa karubone nylon iragaragara
Inzira ndende ya karubone nylon ifite imikorere myiza, na nylon 12 ifite imikorere nibyiza byigiciro.Nylon ifite methylene ifite uburebure burenga 10 hagati yitsinda ryombi rya amide mumugongo wa nylon molekuline yitwa nylon ndende ya karubone nylon, kandi ubwoko nyamukuru burimo nylon 11, nylon 12, nylon 612, nylon 1212, nylon 1012, nylon 1313, nibindi . Nylon 12 ni nilon ikoreshwa cyane murwego rwa karubone nylon, usibye byinshi mubintu rusange bya nylon rusange, ifite amazi make, kandi ifite umutekano muke, irwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi, irwanya ruswa, ubukana bwiza, gutunganya byoroshye kandi izindi nyungu.Ugereranije na PA11, ikindi kintu kirekire cya karubone nylon, igiciro cyibikoresho fatizo bya PA12 butadiene ni kimwe cya gatatu cyamavuta y’ibikoresho fatizo bya PA11, gishobora gusimbuza PA11 mu bihe byinshi, kandi gifite uburyo bwinshi bwo gukoresha mu miyoboro ya peteroli, ibyuma bya feri yo mu kirere, insinga zo mu mazi, icapiro rya 3D hamwe nindi mirima myinshi.

Kugereranya imikorere ya nylon

Inkomoko: Gutezimbere no Gushyira mu bikorwa Nylon 12, Liyue Chemical, Changjiang Securities Institute Institute
Nyuma, tuzagaragaza imiterere rusange yinganda za nylon, kandi tuzibanda kubushakashatsi bwacu kubitangwa nibisabwa n'inganda za nylon 12.
Porogaramu ni indabyo nyinshi, kandi icyifuzo cya nylon kirakomeye
Iterambere rya nylon isoko riragenda ryiyongera, kandi nylon yihariye ikora neza
Isi yose ikenera nylon ikomeje kwiyongera, Ubushinwa nisoko rikomeye.Nk’uko Raporo na Data bibitangaza, mu mwaka wa 2018 ingano y’isoko rya nylon yageze kuri miliyari 27.29 z'amadolari, kandi biteganijwe ko ingano y’isoko izakomeza kwiyongera ku gipimo cya 4.3% mu gihe kiri imbere, bikaba biteganijwe ko iyi mibare iziyongera ikagera kuri miliyari 38.30 z'amadolari mu 2026 .Akarere ka Aziya-Pasifika nisoko ryingenzi ryo gukoresha nylon, mugihe isoko ryubushinwa rirakomeye cyane.Nk’uko imibare ya Lingao Consulting ibigaragaza, umuvuduko w’ubwiyongere bw’isoko ry’isoko rya nylon mu Bushinwa kuva mu 2011 kugeza 2018 wageze ku 10.0%, naho muri 2018, kubera izamuka ry’ibiciro n’ibiciro by’ibicuruzwa bya nylon, muri rusange isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu ryageze kuri miliyari 101.23 yuan, umwaka-ku mwaka kwiyongera 30.5%.Dufatiye ku mibare y’imikoreshereze, yungukirwa n’iterambere ryihuse ry’ubukungu bw’imbere mu gihugu, bigaragara ko ikoreshwa ry’ibicuruzwa bya nylon mu Bushinwa ryageze kuri toni miliyoni 4.327 muri 2018, naho umuvuduko w’ubwiyongere kuva muri 2011 kugeza 2018 wageze kuri 11.0%.
Igipimo cyisoko rya nylon mubushinwa gikomeje kwiyongera
Ikigaragara cyo gukoresha inganda za nylon mu Bushinwa gikomeje kwiyongera
Inkomoko: Ubujyanama bwa Lingao, Ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi ku mpapuro za Changjiang
Inkomoko: Ling Ao Ubujyanama, Ubuyobozi Rusange bwa gasutamo, Ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi ku mpapuro za Changjiang

Ingano yisoko ya nylon idasanzwe igera hafi 10%, muribo nylon 12 ihwanye nigice kinini.Nk’uko imibare ya MRFR ibigaragaza, ubunini bw’isoko rya nylon ku isi bwari miliyari 2.6 z'amadolari muri 2018, bingana na 9.7%.Icyifuzo cyo kuzigama ingufu zoroheje n’icyatsi kibisi n’ingufu nini zitera imbaraga zo kuzamuka kw’isoko ryihariye rya nylon, kandi biteganijwe ko isoko ryihariye rya nylon ku isi rizakomeza kwiyongera ku gipimo cya 5.5% mu gihe kiri imbere, ari cyo hejuru kurenza inganda rusange nylon.Ku isoko ryihariye rya nylon, ibicuruzwa binini ku isoko ni nylon 12, ishobora gukoreshwa mu mavuta ya plastike, gukora imodoka, gukora indege, icapiro rya 3D, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, ibikoresho bya mashini, ikoranabuhanga mu buvuzi, inganda za peteroli na gaze n’izindi nzego , hamwe nimbaraga zidasimburwa.Nk’uko imibare ya MRFR ibigaragaza, isoko rya nylon 12 ku isi ryageze kuri miliyari 1.07 z'amadolari muri 2018 bikaba biteganijwe ko rizagenda ryiyongera buhoro buhoro rigera kuri miliyari 1.42 mu 2024 ku kigero cyo kwiyongera kwa 5.2%.

Ikwirakwizwa rya Downstream Porogaramu ya Nylon 12 (2018)
Nylon 12 ingano yisoko ryisi yose igenda yiyongera (miliyari US $)
Inkomoko: Isesengura rya MRFR, Ikigo cyubushakashatsi bwa Changjiang
Inkomoko: Isesengura rya MRFR, Ikigo cyubushakashatsi bwa Changjiang

Hasi turasesengura ikoreshwa rya nylon 12 mumamodoka, icapiro rya 3D, gukuramo peteroli na gaze nibindi bice byinshi.

Kwiyongera kw'ibisabwa guterwa n'imodoka zoroheje
Muburyo bukenewe bwa nylon 12, isoko rinini risaba inganda n’inganda zikora amamodoka, naho ikoreshwa rya nylon 12 mu nganda zikora amamodoka ryinjije 36.7% by’amafaranga yinjira mu isoko muri 2018. Uburemere bw’ibinyabiziga ni ikintu gikomeye muri iki gihe. inganda zitwara ibinyabiziga, kugirango ugabanye uburemere bwimodoka, utabangamiye umutekano no guhumurizwa, igisubizo nyamukuru ni ugusimbuza ibyuma mumodoka.Nylon 12 irashobora gukoreshwa cyane mumiyoboro itwara ibinyabiziga bitwara ibinyabiziga, harimo imirongo ya lisansi, imirongo ya clutch, imirongo ya supercharger ya vacuum, imirongo ya feri yo mu kirere, imirongo ikonjesha ya batiri hamwe n’ingingo z’imiyoboro yavuzwe haruguru, kubera umutekano wacyo kandi wizewe, ni byiza cyane ibinyabiziga byoroheje.

Igice cyo gukoresha nylon 12 mumodoka

Inkomoko: Urubuga rwa UBE, Ikigo cyubushakashatsi bwa Changjiang

Ugereranije nicyuma na reberi, nylon 12 itanga ibyiza byingenzi.Ugereranije nibikoresho byuma, nylon 12 ibikoresho biremereye, bishobora kugabanya uburemere bwikinyabiziga cyose bityo bikagabanya gukoresha ingufu;Guhindura neza, byoroshye gutondekanya, birashobora kugabanya ingingo, ntabwo byoroshye guhindurwa ningaruka zo hanze;Kunyeganyega neza no kurwanya ruswa;Ihuriro rifite kashe nziza kandi byoroshye kwishyiriraho;Gukuramo biroroshye kandi inzira iroroshye.Ugereranije nibikoresho bya reberi, imiyoboro ikozwe muri nylon 12 ifite urukuta ruto, ingano ntoya nuburemere bworoshye, bitagira ingaruka kumiterere yumwanya;Elastique nziza, irashobora kugumana ubukana mubihe byubushyuhe bukabije no kurwanya gusaza neza;Ntibikenewe ko habaho ibirunga, nta mpamvu yo kongeramo tekinoroji, yoroshye yo gutunganya.

Ikwirakwizwa ry’imodoka zoroheje n’imodoka nshya zitanga ingufu zitera nylon 12. Hafi 70% yimodoka yimodoka (imiyoboro ya feri, imiyoboro ya peteroli, imashini zifata, nibindi) muburayi bakoresha ibikoresho bya nylon 12, na 50% byamazu yimodoka muri Amerika ikoresha nylon ibikoresho 12.Mu rwego rwo guteza imbere iyubakwa ry’ingufu z’imodoka, SAE Ubushinwa bwahawe komite ngishwanama y’igihugu ishinzwe ingamba z’inganda n’inganda na Minisiteri y’inganda n’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho, kandi impuguke zirenga 500 mu nganda zakoze ubushakashatsi, zikora kandi zisohora “Ikoranabuhanga Igishushanyo mbonera cy’ingufu zizigama ingufu n’ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu ”, urutonde“ ikoranabuhanga ryoroheje ry’imodoka ”nk'imwe mu nzira zirindwi za tekiniki, no gushyira imbere intego yo kugabanya uburemere bw’ikinyabiziga 10%, 20% na 35% muri 2020, 2025 na 2030 ugereranije na 2015, kandi icyerekezo cyoroheje giteganijwe kuzamura ubwiyongere bwibikoresho bikenerwa.Mubyongeyeho, hamwe no guteza imbere ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu, nylon 12 irakenewe kuri sisitemu ya lisansi na sisitemu ya batiri kubwamashanyarazi na Hybrid.Mugihe ingaruka z'iki cyorezo zigenda zigabanuka buhoro buhoro, umusaruro n’igurisha ry’imodoka n’ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu mu Bushinwa biteganijwe ko bizasubira mu iterambere, bizakomeza gutuma icyifuzo cya nylon 12 gikomeza kwaguka.
Ibicuruzwa by’imodoka n’Ubushinwa
Gukora no kugurisha ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu mubushinwa
Inkomoko: Ishyirahamwe ryabashinwa bakora inganda, Ikigo cyubushakashatsi bwimpapuro za Changjiang
Inkomoko: Ishyirahamwe ryabashinwa bakora inganda, Ikigo cyubushakashatsi bwimpapuro za Changjiang

Ibikoresho bidasubirwaho 3D icapiro
Isoko ryisi yose yo gucapa 3D riratera imbere byihuse, kandi umuvuduko winganda mubushinwa wihuse cyane.Gukora inyongeramusaruro (icapiro rya 3D) rifite ingaruka zikomeye kubishushanyo mbonera byibicuruzwa, imigendekere yimikorere, umurongo w’ibicuruzwa, uburyo bw’uruganda, hamwe n’urunigi rw’inganda bitewe nubushobozi bwayo bwo gukora byihuse uburyo butandukanye bwimiterere yimiterere, kandi bwabaye umwe mubahagarariye kandi bireba ikoranabuhanga rihungabanya inganda zikora, kandi rizwi nkikoranabuhanga ryibanze rya "revolution ya gatatu yinganda".Nk’uko Wohlers Associates ibitangaza, umusaruro w’inganda zicapura 3D ku isi wiyongereye uva kuri miliyari 1.33 mu mwaka wa 2010 ugera kuri miliyari 8.37 muri 2018, hamwe na CAGR ya 25.9%.Ubuhanga bwo gucapa 3D mu Bushinwa bwatangiye bitinze ugereranije n’ibihugu by’Uburayi n’Amerika, ariko umuvuduko w’inganda wihuse cyane mu myaka yashize.Dukurikije imibare y’ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi bw’inganda zita ku nganda, ingano y’isoko ry’inganda zicapura 3D mu Bushinwa zageze kuri miliyoni 160 z’amadolari y’Amerika mu mwaka wa 2012, kandi yazamutse vuba igera kuri miliyari 2.09 z'amadolari ya Amerika muri 2018.
Ibisohoka agaciro niterambere ryinganda zicapiro rya 3D kwisi yose
Igipimo n'ubwiyongere bw'isoko ryo gucapa 3D mu Bushinwa
Inkomoko: Wohlers Associates, Umuyaga, Ikigo cyubushakashatsi bwimpapuro za Changjiang
Inkomoko: Ikigo cyahoze gishinzwe ubushakashatsi mu nganda, Ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi ku mpapuro za Changjiang

Ibikoresho ni ishingiro ryingenzi ryiterambere ryiterambere rya tekinoroji ya 3D.Imikorere y'ibikoresho igena niba icapiro rya 3D rishobora kugira porogaramu yagutse, kandi ni nako icyuho kibuza iterambere rya icapiro rya 3D.Nk’uko imibare yaturutse ku masoko n’isoko ibigaragaza, mu mwaka wa 2018 ingano y’isoko ry’ibikoresho byo gucapa 3D yarengeje miliyari imwe y’amadolari y’Amerika kandi biteganijwe ko izarenga miliyari 4.5 z'amadolari mu 2024. Dukurikije imibare y’ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi cy’ubushakashatsi bw’inganda, urugero rw’ibikoresho byo gucapa 3D mu Bushinwa isoko ryakomeje kwiyongera byihuse, riva kuri miliyoni 260 yu mwaka wa 2012 rigera kuri miliyari 2,99 muri 2017, bikaba biteganijwe ko ingano y’isoko ry’ibikoresho byo gucapa 3D mu Bushinwa biteganijwe ko izarenga miliyari 16 mu 2024.

Ibikoresho byo gucapa 3D ku isi Ingano ya 2017-2024 (US $ miliyari)
2012-2024 Ubushinwa ibikoresho byo gucapa 3D Ubunini bw'isoko (miliyoni 100 Yuan)
Inkomoko: Isoko nisoko, Ikigo cyubushakashatsi bwimpapuro za Changjiang
Inkomoko: Ikigo Cy’ubushakashatsi Cy’inganda, Ikigo Cy’ubushakashatsi cya Changjiang
Ibikoresho bya Nylon 12 bikora neza mugucapisha 3D.Ugereranije nibindi bikoresho, ifu ya PA12 ifite ibintu byiza cyane nk'amazi menshi, amashanyarazi make ahamye, kwinjiza amazi make, aho gushonga mu rugero hamwe no kumenya neza ibicuruzwa, kurwanya umunaniro no gukomera birashobora kandi guhaza ibikenerwa mu bikoresho bisaba ibikoresho bya tekinike, bityo rero nylon 12 yahindutse buhoro buhoro ibikoresho byiza byo gucapa 3D ya plastiki yubuhanga.

Gukoresha PA12 mugucapisha 3D

Inkomoko: Urubuga rwa Sculpteo, Ikigo cyubushakashatsi bwimpapuro za Changjiang
Kugereranya ibikoresho bya 3D byo gucapa ibikoresho (kuri 5)

Inkomoko: Urubuga rwa Sculpteo, Ikigo cyubushakashatsi bwimpapuro za Changjiang

Dukurikije imibare y’ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi bw’inganda, PA12 nicyo kintu cya kane kinini mu bikoresho byo gucapa 3D ku isi mu 2017, bingana na 5.6%, naho muri 2018, ibikoresho by’icapiro rya nylon 3D mu Bushinwa bingana na 14.1%.Iterambere ryibikoresho byo murugo nylon 12 mugihe kizaza bizashyiraho urufatiro rwiterambere ryinganda zicapura 3D mubushinwa.

Imiterere ya 3D ibikoresho byo gucapa kwisi yose muri 2017
Imiterere yisoko ryibikoresho byo gucapa 3D mubushinwa muri 2018
Inkomoko: Ikigo cyubushakashatsi bwinganda Qianqi, Ikigo cyubushakashatsi bwimpapuro za Changjiang
Inkomoko: Ikigo Cy’ubushakashatsi Cy’inganda, Ikigo Cy’ubushakashatsi cya Changjiang
Ibikoresho bikora neza mu nganda zohereza peteroli na gaze
Ubwikorezi bwa peteroli na gaze busaba cyane ibikoresho.Ibikoresho bya PA12 byakoreshejwe mu kaga no ku nyanja byoroshye, imiyoboro ya gaze, imirongo, ibyuma bifata ibyuma mu myaka myinshi, bishobora gukumira isuri y’amazi yo mu nyanja no kwangirika kw’amavuta ya peteroli, kandi ikoreshwa mu gukora impanuka zoroshye zo gutwara ibicuruzwa byo mu mazi n’ibicuruzwa bya gazi na amazi yahujwe, sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza gazi karemano kumuvuduko ugera kuri 20bar, nibindi, bifite ubuzima bwiza bwa serivise no kurinda ruswa neza kuruta ibindi bikoresho, kandi nibikoresho bikora neza kugirango biteze imbere cyane inganda zitwara peteroli na gaze.Numuyoboro wa gazi, PA12 imaze imyaka irenga icumi ikoreshwa.Ugereranije n'imiyoboro y'icyuma ikoreshwa mu muvuduko ukabije w’umuvuduko ukabije w’umuvuduko ukabije wa gazi, imiyoboro ya gaze ya PA12 irashobora kongera igihe cyumurimo wuwo muyoboro kandi igabanya cyane ikiguzi cyo gushyira imiyoboro no kuyitunganya nyuma.Ubushinwa bwasabye muri “Gahunda y’imyaka cumi n'itatu” ko mu gihe cy '“Gahunda y’imyaka cumi n'itanu”, kilometero zigera ku 5.000 z’imiyoboro ya peteroli, kilometero 12,000 z’imiyoboro ya peteroli itunganijwe hamwe na kilometero 40.000 z’imiyoboro mishya ya gazi n’ibikoresho bizashyigikirwa bizaba yubatswe, itanga imbaraga nshya ziterambere rya PA12.

Ikibanza cyo gushyiramo gazi ya PA12 i Beckum, mu Budage

Inkomoko: Changjiang Securities Research Institute, urubuga rwemewe rwikigo
Ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije kandi byizewe insinga nicyuma
.PA12 irashobora gukoreshwa mumigozi yo mumazi hamwe nibikoresho byuzuza insinga zireremba, umugozi urwanya ibimonyo, fibre optique.Nylon 12 ifite ubushyuhe buke bwo kurwanya no guhangana nikirere cyiza, kikaba kibereye cyane cyane gukora insinga zidasanzwe zikoreshwa mu itumanaho zikenewe ku kirere cyose (-50 ~ 70 ° C).Ikoreshwa nk'umugozi wo mu mazi hamwe n'ibikoresho byuzuza insinga zireremba, igomba gutekereza ku bidukikije bidasanzwe hamwe n’imikorere idasanzwe yo gukoresha mu nyanja, bityo rero insinga isabwa kugira diameter ntoya yo hanze, kwambara, kurwanya umuvuduko w’amazi, imbaraga zihagije, kandi irwanya ihagije ihagije mu mazi yo mu nyanja.Nylon 12 ninzitizi nziza yamashanyarazi, ntabwo izagira ingaruka kumikorere yubushyuhe bitewe nubushuhe, kabone niyo bwaba bushyizwe mumazi (cyangwa mumazi yinyanja) igihe kinini, kurwanya insulasiyo biracyari hejuru cyane, byibuze gahunda yubunini buri hejuru kuruta ibindi bikoresho bya nylon, ikoreshwa rya PA12 ibikoresho byometseho insinga zangirika nibyiza, byatewe mumyanyanja mumyaka itatu nta gihindutse.Umugozi urwanya inzitiramubu wakozwe mbere na PE, PVC hamwe nuburyo bwo gufunga udukoko twica udukoko cyangwa umuringa, hariho amafaranga menshi, kubungabunga ibidukikije, kwangiza ibidukikije, kwangiza ibidukikije, igihe cyemewe kidahinduka nizindi nenge, ikoreshwa ryicyatsi cya nylon 12 nubu ni a uburyo bwizewe kandi bwangiza ibidukikije.Mubyongeyeho, gutakaza ibimenyetso bya fibre optique ikozwe mubikoresho bya PA12 niyo yo hasi cyane mubikoresho bya sintetike, bityo ikoreshwa cyane mumashanyarazi ya fibre optique.
Nylon 12 ya fibre optique (POF)

Inkomoko: Changjiang Securities Research Institute, urubuga rwemewe rwikigo

Photovoltaic, amashanyarazi, gutwikira, gupakira, imirima yubuvuzi ifite impano zabo
Mu myaka yashize, ibice by'amashanyarazi birasabwa gukora hamwe n urusaku ruke, kandi ibice bikozwe muri nylon 12 birashobora gucecekeshwa, kandi bigakoreshwa cyane mubyuma bifata amajwi, ibyuma byerekana amasaha, insinga z'amashanyarazi hamwe nuduce duto duto duto.Kurwanya nylon 12 guhinduka cyane hamwe nubushyuhe, kandi impinduka zifatika ni nto, zishobora gukoreshwa mugukora ubushyuhe bwerekana ubushyuhe bwibiringiti byamashanyarazi hamwe nigitambara cyamashanyarazi.
Yashizwemo na nylon 12, firime yo gutwikira ifite uburyo bwiza bwo kurwanya kwambara, bityo ikoreshwa kenshi mugukora ibicuruzwa byo murwego rwohejuru hamwe nibifatika.PA12 irashobora gukoreshwa mubikombe byogeje ibikoresho bishya kugirango barebe ko igikono cyicyuma kidashaje mubidukikije byogusukura ubushyuhe bwinshi kandi bifite ubuzima burebure;Irashobora kandi gukoreshwa mubikoresho byo hanze, nkintebe za parike, zishobora gukumira neza kwangirika kwicyuma nyuma yo gutwikira PA12.
PA12 ya firime ibonerana, idafite uburozi, umwuka wamazi na gaze (Oz, N2, CO2) byohereza ni bike, bibikwa mumazi abira kumwaka umwe imikorere idahindutse, kandi polyethylene yavuzwe na extrusion compte firime irashobora gukoreshwa mugukora urupapuro rwa firime, hamwe na hamwe kurinda no gupakira ibiryo, hamwe nibyiza byo guhumurirwa, kurwanya sterisizione hamwe nubushyuhe buke bwiza.Nylon 12 ifata neza ibyuma, kandi iyo uhuza ibiryo, agaciro kashe ni 100%, kandi imbaraga zo gukuramo ni nyinshi.
PA12 nayo ikoreshwa nkibikoresho byubuvuzi byubuforomo, aho imiterere yubukanishi bwibikoresho bya catheter ari ngombwa cyane, kandi catheter yakozwe igomba kuba yoroshye kurudodo, ariko ntabwo yunamye kandi ntizigera ivunika.PA12 ni ibikoresho byiza cyane kubyara umusaruro wa catheteri kubera umuvuduko mwinshi, guhindagurika neza, kurwanya imiti, guhuza amazi yumubiri hamwe nuburozi, bijyanye nibisabwa n’ikigo cy’Amerika gishinzwe ibiryo n’ibiyobyabwenge n’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi ku bicuruzwa by’ubuvuzi.

Ibigo by’amahanga byiharira isoko, umusaruro w’imbere mu gihugu biteganijwe ko uzaca mu iterambere ryihuse ry’inganda za nylon, kandi haracyari icyuho mu byiciro byo hejuru
Ubushinwa butanga umusaruro wa nylon bwiyongera cyane, ariko ibicuruzwa byo mu rwego rwo hejuru biracyakenewe gutumizwa mu mahanga.Mu myaka yashize, bungukirwa no kwiyongera kw'itangwa rya caprolactam mu gihugu, ibikoresho by'ibanze bya nylon 6, hamwe no gukurura byihuse ibyifuzo bikenerwa, ikoranabuhanga rya nylon mu Bushinwa ryatejwe imbere byihuse, kandi ubushobozi bwo gukora bwinjiye mu cyiciro cy'iterambere ryihuse. .Muri 2018, umusaruro ngarukamwaka w’inganda za nylon mu Bushinwa wageze kuri toni miliyoni 5.141, CAGR = 12.7% kuva 2011 kugeza 2018, kandi umusaruro nawo wazamutse vuba hamwe n’ubushobozi bw’umusaruro, umusaruro wa toni miliyoni 3.766 muri 2018 na CAGR = 15.8% kuva mu 2011 kugeza 2018. Duhereye ku makuru yatumijwe mu mahanga no kohereza mu mahanga, inganda za nylon zo mu Bushinwa zagumije ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga, aho ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga byinjije toni 508.000 muri 2019, cyane cyane bimwe mu bicuruzwa byo mu rwego rwo hejuru biracyafite ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga, kandi hari binini umwanya wo gusimbuza ibicuruzwa hanze.
Ubushinwa butanga umusaruro wa nylon bukomeje kwiyongera
Mu myaka yashize, gutumiza no kohereza mu mahanga inganda za nylon mu Bushinwa
Inkomoko: Ubujyanama bwa Lingao, Ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi ku mpapuro za Changjiang
Inkomoko: Ubuyobozi rusange bwa gasutamo, Ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi cya Changjiang
Inzitizi za tekiniki zitera kwibanda cyane, kandi oligopolies yihariye isoko rya nylon 12

Inzira nyamukuru yo gutunganya nylon 12 nuburyo bwa oxime, kandi inzitizi za tekinike ni nyinshi.Nylon 12 mubusanzwe itegurwa na cyclododecatriene (CDT) na laurolactam impeta ifungura polycondensation ukoresheje butadiene nkibikoresho fatizo, kandi inzira ikubiyemo uburyo bwa oxime, uburyo bwa nitrosation optique hamwe nuburyo bwa Snya, muribwo buryo bwa oxime aribwo buryo nyamukuru.Umusaruro wa nylon 12 ukoresheje okiside oxyde oxyde ikeneye kunyura mubyiciro 7, nka triperisation, hydrogenation ya catalitike, okiside, ketification, oximisation, Beckmann rearrangement, gufungura polymerisation, nibindi, kandi inzira yose ikoresha benzene, fumide acide sulfurike nibindi bikoresho byangiza kandi byangirika, ubushyuhe bwa polymerisiyoneri bugomba kuba 270-300 ° C, kandi intambwe yo kubyara iragoye gukora.Kugeza ubu, abahinguzi benshi bahagarariwe na Evonik bakoresha inzira nyabagendwa ya butadiene nkibikoresho fatizo, kandi nyuma y’Ubuyapani Ube Industries imaze kubona uruhushya rw’ikoranabuhanga rwa Sosiyete ikora ibikomoka kuri peteroli yo mu Bwongereza, yafashe inzira ya cyclohexanone nkibikoresho fatizo kugirango igere ku musaruro w’inganda PA12 .

Inzira yubukorikori ya nylon 12

Inkomoko: Gutezimbere no Gushyira mu bikorwa Urunigi rurerure rwa Carbone Nylon 11, 12 na 1212, Ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi cya Changjiang

Munsi ya oligopoly, nylon 12 inganda yibanda cyane.Mu myaka ya za 70 yo mu kinyejana cya 20, nylon 12 yabanje gutunganywa mu nganda na Degussa w’Ubudage, uwabanjirije inganda za Evonik (Evonik), hanyuma EMS yo mu Busuwisi, Arkema y’Abafaransa n’Ubuyapani Ube Industries (UBE) nayo itangaza amakuru y’umusaruro w’inganda, kandi inganda enye zikomeye zimaze kumenya neza tekinoroji yo gukora nylon 12 mugihe cyikinyejana.Kugeza ubu, umusaruro w’isi yose wa nylon 12 urenga toni 100.000 / mwaka, muri yo Evonik ifite ubushobozi bwo gutanga toni zigera ku 40.000 / mwaka, iza ku mwanya wa mbere.Muri 2014, INVISTA yatanze impapuro nyinshi zisaba ipatanti ya nylon 12 ibikoresho fatizo, yizeye ko izinjira mu isoko rya nylon 12, ariko kugeza ubu nta makuru y’umusaruro.

Bitewe nubuso bwibanze bwo guhatanira amasoko, ibyihutirwa byihutirwa bizagira ingaruka zikomeye kumasoko yose.Kurugero, ku ya 31 Werurwe 2012, uruganda rwa Evonik i Marl, mu Budage, rwateje igisasu kubera inkongi y’umuriro, bigira ingaruka ku musaruro w’ibikoresho fatizo bya CDT mu gihe cy’amezi arenga 8, bituma habura ikibazo gikomeye cyo gutanga CDT, muri guhindukira byatumye isi yose itanga PA12, ndetse ituma bamwe mubakora ibinyabiziga byo hepfo badashobora gutangira bisanzwe.Mu mpera z'umwaka wa 2012, uruganda rwa Evonik CDT rwasubijwe mu musaruro ni bwo itangwa rya nylon 12 ryatangiye buhoro buhoro.

Kugira ngo igihangange gikemuke, igihangange cyatangaje gahunda yo kwagura umusaruro.Mu rwego rwo guhaza ibyifuzo bikenerwa n’ibikoresho bya PA12, muri 2018, Arkema yatangaje ko izongera ubushobozi bw’umusaruro w’ibikoresho bya PA12 ku isi ku gipimo cya 25% ku kigo cyayo cya Changshu mu Bushinwa, bikaba biteganijwe ko izatangira kubyazwa umusaruro hagati muri 2020.Evonik yo mu Budage yatangaje kandi ko ishoramari rya miliyoni 400 z’amayero yo kwagura umusaruro w’ibikoresho bya PA12 ku gipimo cya 50% muri Marl Industrial Park, biteganijwe ko izatangira imirimo mu ntangiriro za 2021.

Ibikoresho bimwe bya PA12 muri Marl
Inganda ya nylon 12 yibanze cyane
Inkomoko: Urubuga rwa Evonik, Ikigo cyubushakashatsi bwa Changjiang
Inkomoko: Ikigo cyubushakashatsi bwimpapuro za Changjiang

Hifashishijwe politiki na politiki, imishinga yo mu gihugu ihura ningorane

Ibigo byo murugo byakemuye karubone ndende ya karubone nylon, kandi ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwateye intambwe.Mu myaka ya za 50 z'ikinyejana gishize, Ubushinwa bwatangiye kugerageza gushyira mu bikorwa umusaruro wa nylon udasanzwe uhagarariwe na nylon ndende ya karubone, ariko kubera inzira zitoroshye, inzira mbi y’umusaruro, intambwe nyinshi za synthesis, igiciro kinini nibindi bintu, kugeza muri 90 , Ubushinwa burebure burebure bwa karubone nylon umusaruro winganda wari uhagaze.Muri “Gahunda ya cyenda yimyaka itanu”, itsinda ry’ubushakashatsi bwa nylon rya kaminuza ya Zhengzhou n’ikigo cya Microbiology cy’ishuri ry’ubumenyi ry’Ubushinwa bafatanyije gukora gahunda y’ingenzi y’ubushakashatsi mu bya siyansi n’ikoranabuhanga, bakora ubushakashatsi kandi batezimbere ikoranabuhanga ry’inganda zo gutegura PA1212 na bio-fermentation ya dodeca-karbodiacid, kandi ikorana na Shandong Zibo Guangtong Company Chemical Company kugirango igere ku musaruro w’inganda, hiyongereyeho, Shandong Guangyin New Materials Co., Ltd. nayo yateye intambwe muri PA610, PA612, PA1012 nubundi bwoko.

PA12 iragoye cyane, kandi intambwe irashobora gutegurwa hifashishijwe politiki.Mu 1977, Ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi cya Jiangsu Huaiyin n’inganda n’inganda n’ikigo cya Shanghai cy’ibikoresho bya sintetike bafatanyije gukora synthesis ya nylon 12 hamwe na butadiene nkibikoresho fatizo.Nyuma yaho, Baling Petrochemical Co., Ltd. inganda zo mu gihugu zitaragera ku musaruro w’inganda, kandi PA12 iracyashingira ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga.Mu myaka yashize, Ubushinwa nabwo bwakomeje gushyiraho politiki yo gushishikariza iterambere ry’inganda zidasanzwe za nylon, guteza imbere cyane uburyo bwo gutangiza ibikoresho by’ibikoresho bidasanzwe bya nylon, hifashishijwe politiki, ibigo by’imbere mu gihugu bizakomeza guhura n’ibibazo, biteganijwe ko bizaca intege monopoliya. ya PA12.

Politiki ishishikarizwa guteza imbere inganda zidasanzwe za nylon nka karubone ndende ya nylon

Inkomoko: Minisiteri y’inganda n’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho, Ubushinwa International Engineering Consulting Co., Ltd., Ishyirahamwe ry’inganda z’imashini mu Bushinwa, n’ibindi, Ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi ku mpapuro za Changjiang